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Organic fertilizers are important in agroecosystems, but the fate of specific forms of added phosphorus (P) in the long-term is not well understood. We studied the effects of 62years of application of three organic fertilizers (dairy manure, compost and dried sewage sludge) on organic P forms in the topsoil as characterized by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy and enzyme additions in a field experiment...
The application of manures for fertilization will influence the composition of phosphorus (P) species in the soil profile and the extent of dissolved P leaching to surface waters. Spatial and temporal changes in the P species composition of poultry-manure-amended soil were assessed at two soil column depths (0–5, 10–15cm) during 10weeks of leaching. Leachate P was primarily composed of dissolved fractions...
The amounts and forms of soil phosphorus (P) follow predictable patterns during long-term pedogenesis, but have rarely been examined along subtropical chronosequences. We quantified changes in soil nutrient stocks, foliar nutrient concentrations, and the chemical forms of soil P along the Cooloola chronosequence, a series of coastal dunes spanning ca. 500,000years of pedogenesis in subtropical Queensland...
Changes in land management practices may have significant implications for soil microbial communities important in organic P turnover. Soil bacteria can increase plant P availability by excreting phosphatase enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ester-phosphate bonds. Examining the diversity and abundance of alkaline phosphatase gene harboring bacteria may provide valuable insight into alkaline...
We demonstrate the use of long-term (1985–2008) filterable un-reactive phosphorus (FURP) concentration data from Loch Leven, Scotland, UK, to explore responses of in-lake FURP concentrations following a significant reduction of catchment P loading (i.e., from 25.5tTPyr−1 in 1985 to 7.0tTPyr−1 and 11.6tTPyr−1 in 1995 and 2005, respectively), including FURP load reduction (i.e., from 10.2tFURPyr−1 in...
Data on the distribution of phosphorus (P) species in soils with differing land uses and properties are essential to understanding environmental P availability and how fertiliser inputs, cropping and grazing affect accumulation of soil inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) forms. We examined thirty-two temperate soils (with soil organic C concentrations 12–449gCkg−1 and total P 295–3435mgPkg−1) for...
Solution phosphorus (P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy following extraction with sodium hydroxide–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOH–EDTA) is the most powerful and widely used technique for characterising soil organic P. However, poor spectral sensitivity (related to the signal to noise ratio) can limit its applicability for soils of low organic P content, especially in subsurface...
The technique of 31P-NMR spectroscopy has done more to advance the knowledge of organic P forms in environmental samples than any other method. Early 31P-NMR work limited identification to peaks that were clearly separated, such as orthophosphate and pyrophosphate, grouping the remaining peaks into broad categories such as orthophosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters. Advances in 31P-NMR...
A better understanding of the composition of organic phosphorus (organic P) and low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in soil will make it possible to predict phosphorus cycling, improve biomass production and help phosphorus management in forest plantations. The method for quantifying organic P and LMWOAs in soil extracts was developed using ion chromatography (IC). Sodium hydroxide (0.5N)...
Degradation of tropical pastures on highly weathered soils is linked to soil structural decline and associated losses of organic matter, which could both also affect soil phosphorus (P) dynamics and availability. Our aim was to elucidate these linkages by examining the effect of pasture degradation on the contents and forms of P contained within aggregate size classes and macroaggregate fractions...
Mineralization of organic phosphorus (Po) may be of great importance for plant nutrition in soils containing very little available inorganic phosphorus (Pi). Gross organic P mineralization rates can be quantified by an isotopic dilution method using 33P labeling of soil. However, its application remains a challenge in tropical soils in which the concentration of phosphate ions in the soil solution...
Phosphorus (P) forms determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) are compositional data (i.e., parts of some whole bounded between 0 and the unit of measurement). Because compositional data are intrinsically related to each other within a closed pre-defined compositional space, a simple log transformation, variable by variable, or any other transformation of the compositional...
Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) can constitute the majority of the organic phosphorus in soil. Soil IP6 accumulates through a number of mechanisms, including sorption to metal hydroxides and clays, association with organic matter, and precipitation with cations and on surfaces of metal oxides. However, the relative contributions of these processes remain unknown. We quantified IP6 stereoisomers by...
Constructed wetlands and sedimentation ponds are increasingly used to protect downstream ecosystems against nutrient loads that can lead to impairments of these. Outflows from the most effective ones often only discharge particulate phosphorus (P) and dissolved organic P (DOP) while readily available dissolved inorganic P is 100% retained in the systems. Hence, a large part of P discharged from these...
Phosphorus (P) availability declines during ecosystem development due in part to chemical transformations of P in the soil. Here we report changes in soil P pools and the oxygen isotopic signature of inorganic phosphate (δ18Op) in these pools over a 6500-year soil coastal dune chronosequence in a temperate humid environment. Total P declined from 384 to 129mgPkg−1 during the first few hundred years...
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